What Is Hepatitis?

Hepatitis refers to inflammation of the liver. Causes include viral infections, autoimmune disorders, alcohol, toxins, medications, or metabolic diseases. Acute hepatitis often resolves without long‑term effects, while chronic hepatitis can lead to cirrhosis, liver failure, or liver cancer.

Viral Hepatitis

• Hepatitis A: Typically transmitted through contaminated food or water. It causes acute illness with jaundice, fatigue, and nausea but does not become chronic. A vaccine is available.
• Hepatitis B: Spread by blood or bodily fluids. Most adults recover spontaneously, but some develop chronic infection. Chronic hepatitis B increases the risk of cirrhosis and liver cancer. Vaccination prevents infection. Treatment includes antiviral medications that suppress viral replication.
• Hepatitis C: Primarily blood‑borne. Most infected individuals develop chronic infection, but highly effective oral antiviral therapies can cure hepatitis C in over 95% of patients. Early diagnosis and treatment reduce the risk of cirrhosis and cancer.
• Hepatitis D: Occurs only in people with hepatitis B; coinfection leads to more severe disease. Prevention involves hepatitis B vaccination.
• Hepatitis E: Fecal–oral transmission in areas with poor sanitation. Usually self‑limited but can be severe in pregnant women.

Autoimmune Hepatitis

Autoimmune hepatitis occurs when the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the liver, leading to chronic inflammation. Treatment involves immunosuppressive medications such as corticosteroids and azathioprine.

Diagnosis and Treatment

• Diagnosis involves blood tests to detect viral antigens or antibodies, liver function tests, and sometimes imaging or liver biopsy.
• Supportive care for hepatitis A and E since they usually resolve on their own.
• Antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis B or C to suppress or eliminate the virus.
• Immunosuppressive therapy for autoimmune hepatitis.
• Avoidance of hepatotoxic substances such as alcohol and certain medications.

Vaccines for hepatitis A and B are highly effective. Screening and early treatment of hepatitis C prevent complications. Our clinic offers comprehensive evaluation, vaccination, and management for all forms of hepatitis.