What Is a Colonoscopy

A colonoscopy is a procedure that allows your doctor to examine the inner lining of your large intestine (colon and rectum) using a thin, flexible tube with a small camera at the end (a colonoscope). This test helps detect inflammation, ulcers, polyps, and early signs of colon cancer.
At Salem Gastroenterology Consultants, we perform thousands of colonoscopies each year with a focus on patient safety, comfort, and clarity.

Why Colonoscopy Matters

Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the U.S.—but it is also one of the most preventable and treatable when detected early.

  • Find and remove precancerous polyps
  • Detect cancer at an early, more treatable stage
  • Evaluate symptoms such as bleeding, abdominal pain, or changes in bowel habits

Who Should Get a Colonoscopy

Routine screening begins at age 45 for most adults, even without symptoms or family history.

You may need earlier or more frequent screenings if you have:

  • A family history of colorectal cancer or polyps
  • A personal history of polyps or inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s or ulcerative colitis)
  • A known genetic condition such as Lynch syndrome

What to Expect

  • You’ll receive IV sedation and most patients sleep comfortably through the procedure.
  • The colonoscope is gently guided through the rectum and colon, with images displayed on a video monitor.
  • Any small polyps found can often be removed or biopsied immediately.
  • The internal examination usually takes 15–30 minutes, followed by a short recovery period.
  • A responsible adult must drive you home and stay on site during your procedure.

Reasons for a Colonoscopy

  • Routine colorectal cancer screening
  • Rectal bleeding
  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Abdominal pain or persistent nausea/vomiting
  • Personal or family history of colon cancer or polyps

Preparing for Your Colonoscopy

A clean colon is essential for accuracy and safety. Follow all prep instructions carefully to avoid rescheduling.

One Week Before

  • Stop iron pills, vitamins, and herbal supplements
  • Avoid foods with seeds (popcorn, nuts, berries)

Two Days Before

  • Stop fiber supplements (Metamucil, Citrucel)

Day Before (Morning)

  • Begin a clear liquid diet only (no solid foods, dairy, or creamers)
  • Allowed: water, coffee/tea (no milk), clear broth, pulp-free juices, soda, Gatorade, JELL-O, popsicles (avoid red/purple)
  • Drink at least 8 glasses (≈64 oz) of clear fluids throughout the day

Bowel Prep Instructions

You’ll need:

  • Your prescribed bowel prep kit (e.g., Suprep, Clenpiq, or Suflave)
  • Gas-X (simethicone 125 mg) – take 8 tablets total

Evening Before (around 6 PM)

  1. Mix one prep bottle with water to the 16 oz line and drink it all.
  2. Follow with two 16 oz glasses of water over the next hour.
  3. Take 4 Gas-X tablets.
  4. Stay near a restroom.

Day of Procedure (5–6 hours before check-in)

  1. Mix and drink the second bottle.
  2. Take 4 more Gas-X tablets.
  3. Drink two 16 oz glasses of water.
  4. Continue clear liquids until 2 hours before check-in, then stop all intake (no food, drink, gum, tobacco, or medications).

Medication Guidelines

  • Take essential medications (heart, blood pressure, seizure) at least 2 hours before arrival with a sip of water.
  • Do not take diabetic medications the morning of your procedure unless directed.
  • Bring inhalers or insulin if used regularly.

Frequently Asked Questions

How long will the procedure take?
About 1–2 hours total from check-in to discharge; the procedure itself takes 15–30 minutes.

Do I need to finish all the prep?
Yes — even if your stool becomes clear early. Incomplete prep may lead to rescheduling.

What if I can’t tolerate the taste?
Try lemon wedges or sour candy immediately after each sip to reduce the salty flavor.

What if I vomit?
Pause for one hour, then restart slowly. If vomiting continues, call our office.

What counts as a clear liquid?
Water, black coffee/tea, clear broth, pulp-free juices (apple, white grape), soda, Gatorade, popsicles, JELL-O (avoid red/purple).

Can I take my medications?
Most essential medications are fine if taken 2 hours before your procedure. Skip diabetic meds that morning unless instructed otherwise.

What if I have low blood sugar?
Use sweetened clear liquids such as apple juice or popsicles to prevent hypoglycemia.

Do I need someone to drive me home?
Yes — sedation is used, so a responsible adult must drive you home and stay at the facility during your procedure.

Should I stop supplements?
Yes — stop iron, vitamins, and herbal supplements 7 days before your procedure.

What if I feel sore from diarrhea?
Use Tucks wipes, Vaseline, or Desitin to soothe irritation.

After Your Procedure

You’ll receive written post-procedure instructions before discharge.
Call 503-399-7520 immediately if you experience:

  • Bleeding
  • Severe abdominal pain
  • Chest pain
  • Persistent fever
  • Shortness of breath

Final Tips & Reminders

  • Drink plenty of clear liquids before and after prep to prevent dehydration.
  • Avoid red or purple liquids — they can mimic blood on exam.
  • Stock up on clear fluids and soft wipes for comfort.
  • If you did not receive prep instructions or have questions, call 503-399-7520.

Thank you for choosing Salem Gastroenterology Consultants.